Homocysteine: What is it and what are the symptoms of being too high?

Homocysteine is an amino acid that when too high can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, neurological problems and complications in pregnancy. Through a healthy diet, supplementation of B vitamins, you can lower your homocysteine levels and reduce health risks.

What is homocysteine?

Homocysteine is an amino acid that occurs in small amounts in your body. It is created during the metabolism of methionine, an essential amino acid that you get through food. Under normal conditions, your body breaks down homocysteine using vitamins such as B6, B12 and folic acid. When these processes fail, homocysteine levels in your blood can rise.

Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, brain disorders and other health problems.

What are the symptoms of excessive homocysteine levels?

Slightly elevated homocysteine levels usually do not produce immediate symptoms, but long-term elevated levels can lead to:

1. Cardiovascular problems:
• An increased risk of atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis), which can lead to heart attacks and strokes.
2. Neurological symptoms:
• Memory problems, fatigue, tingling or numbness in hands and feet.
3. Problems with pregnancy:
• Elevated homocysteine levels can cause complications, such as miscarriages or an increased risk of preeclampsia.
4. Fatigue and muscle weakness:
• Due to decreased blood flow and nerve function.

What causes elevated homocysteine levels?

Excessive homocysteine levels can be caused by:

1. Deficiency of B vitamins:
• Vitamin B6, B12 and folic acid, in particular, play a crucial role in breaking down homocysteine.
2. Genetic factors:
• Mutations in the MTHFR gene can interfere with homocysteine conversion.
3. Unhealthy lifestyle:
• Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and a diet high in animal protein can contribute.
4. Diseases:
• Kidney problems and thyroid disorders can increase homocysteine levels.

How can you lower homocysteine?

1. Eat a varied and healthy diet:
• Get enough B vitamins through food:
• Vitamin B6: Potatoes, bananas, poultry.
• Vitamin B12: Meat, fish, eggs, dairy.
• Folic acid: Green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, beans.
2. Nutritional supplements:
• In cases of established deficiency, B vitamin supplements can help.
3. Stop smoking and limit alcohol:
• These habits disrupt metabolism and increase homocysteine.
4. Consider a DNA test:
• A genetic test can provide insight into a possible MTHFR mutation, which may affect your homocysteine metabolism.

Why is a DNA test useful?

As described in this blog, a DNA test can help identify genetic mutations such as MTHFR. People with this mutation often have difficulty processing folic acid and homocysteine properly. By knowing your genetic predisposition, you can adjust your diet and supplementation for better results.

Measuring Homocysteine

Want to get your homocysteine level tested? At Blood Values Test, you can easily have your homocysteine level measured. This will give you insight into your cardiovascular and overall health so you can take preventive steps.

Still have questions or want advice on homocysteine or related tests? Feel free to get in touch!